What do “universal precautions” entail?

Universal precautions are a vital principle in infection control that requires treating all blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious. This approach is designed to minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens, including HIV, HBV, and HCV, and to protect healthcare workers and patients alike. By adhering to this policy, workers are encouraged to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, and masks, when engaging in procedures that may expose them to blood or bodily fluids.

This practice is crucial because it is often not possible to tell whether a patient's body fluids are infectious, so by assuming that they might be, healthcare professionals can implement necessary precautions to safeguard their health and the health of others. In contrast, the other options focus on specific protocols or regulations that do not address the broader and fundamental approach of universal precautions. This distinction highlights the importance of a comprehensive and proactive strategy in preventing infections in healthcare settings.