What is one example of an exposure route for bloodborne pathogens?

Parenteral refers to the transmission of bloodborne pathogens through the skin, typically via needles or other sharp instruments. This route is particularly significant because it includes direct entry into the bloodstream, which can occur through punctures or cuts. Bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, can be effectively transmitted through parenteral exposure, highlighting the risks involved for healthcare workers and others who handle sharps or come into contact with potentially infected blood.

In contrast, the other routes listed do not primarily involve direct blood exposure. Ingestion typically refers to taking in substances through the mouth, which is not a common route for bloodborne pathogens. Inhalation involves breathing in pathogens via respiratory droplets, not blood. Dermal contact, while it can lead to exposure, is considered less significant for bloodborne pathogens unless there are open wounds or mucous membranes involved. Hence, parenteral exposure stands out as a primary and critical route for transmission in the context of bloodborne pathogens.